Test+Ban+1963+&+Non-Proliferation+Treaty+1968

=__Test Ban Treaty 1963__=

====//On August 5, 1963, the Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. After Senate approval, the treaty that went into effect on October 10, 1963. The treaty banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water.//====

__Historical Context__
path towards Detente.
 * Symbolic meeting as it symbolized the fact that they wanted to achieve some form of agreements.
 * Strategic parity, Soviets wanted to achieve it in 1970.
 * Environmental concern. Testing of atomic and later hydrogen devices led to a rising concern about the results of the testing on the enviroment. Testing attracted people's attention.
 * End of Cuban Missile Crisis. In the aftermath of the crisis, both superpowers wanted to take the

__Strategic Environment__
__Nuclear Weapons/ Hydrogen devices 1952__ __-Balance of power__ -Superpowers understood the nuclear threat -America had a greater second strike capacity than Russia's first strike capacity -America afraid of seeming weak

__Terms of Treaty__
-Atmospheric Testing Ban. Prohibiting testing of Nuclear Weapons in outer space, water or in the atmosphere. -Did not ban underground tests. -Did little to stop development. - The nuclear powers accepted as a common goal "//an end to the contamination of man's environment by radioactive substances//."

concern about the environment and the interest they had in going __further towards Detente__ after years of struggled Arms Race and the decisive point of the Cuban Missile Crisis where both superpowers recognized the __danger of a conflict in__ __the nuclear age.__ However, the Treaty did little to stop the development of nuclear devices and all nuclear powers were allowed to posses a certain amount of them. Therefore, to the public, Test Ban Treaty seemed affective as it main goal was to symbolically "please" the public opinion and reassure that such conflicts could from then on be avoided.
 * =====**I**n Conclusion, the __Test Ban Treaty of 1963__ was mostly __symbolic__. It was the superpower's way to show the world their=====

__Terms of Treaty__

 * · USA, USSR, and Britain agreed to not transfer nuclear weapons to other countries or to assist them to build them.
 * · West Germany to not have Nuclear weapons
 * · All parts were engaged to participate in full exchange of scientific information to contribute to the development of more atomic energy for peace purposes.


 * France and China did not sign the treaty
 * Israel, South Africa, India, and Pakistan did not sign as well, and were all working on Nuclear weapons

__Historical Context__

 * · Vietnam War almost at its worst, USA humiliated after My Lai Massacre where US soldiers killed 300-500 innocent Vietnamese (where mostly women and children were killed)
 * · Tet Offensive, showing American defeat, leading to the Peace Movement reaching its peak
 * · Both the American and Soviet economies were slowing down, where the USA was spending 20Bn$ a year in Vietnam according to Sewell.
 * · Prague spring, which lead to the Brezhnev doctrine: "When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries."

__Strategic Environment__

 * · USA had reached the set limit on the amount of ICBM’s (1056) and SLBM’s (656)
 * · NATO adopts Flexible Response officially
 * · America still ahead of USSR, yet M.A.D still applied

__Analysis__

 * · Treaty was key to the future détente between USA and USSR as the two super powers were improving relations as they were starting to sign agreements together and to talk again.
 * · Set a limit to the arms race between USA and USSR, as they both realized that it was eating up their economies, yet still saw the need for M.A.D to ensure safety between them.
 * · Although it truly didn’t improve international security that much as many countries did not sign it and were in the process of developing their own weapons, it proved to have eased the relations between the USA and USSR.